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<p>5G <a href="https://www.yunpantelecom.com/product" target="_blank">base station</a> is the core equipment of 5G network, providing wireless coverage and realizing wireless signal transmission between wired communication network and wireless terminal. A 5G base station sounds advanced, but it will have to overcome many difficulties. Let's take a look at the difficulties of building a 5G base station.</p><p><br></p><p>The difficulty analysis of 5G base station</p><p><br></p><p>The comprehensive cloud-based 5G network brings not only functional flexibility, but also many technical and engineering problems:</p><p><br></p><p>(1) network clouding makes it difficult to locate and define fault bits across layers, and the later upgrade process is more complex and inefficient.</p><p><br></p><p>(2) the introduction of edge computing doubles the number of network elements and increases the difficulty of problem positioning.</p><p><br></p><p>(3) microservitization, more customized services for users, also put forward very high requirements for business choreography.</p><p><br></p><p>(4) in terms of transmission, dynamic changes of mass tunnels and manual planning and analysis cannot meet the business requirements; The construction and maintenance of high precision clock are demanding and difficult, and new support means are needed. Large width transmission, in the event of a failure, the need for faster recovery of technical means, it will lead to greater impact and loss.</p><p><br></p><p>5G base station architecture analysis</p><p><br></p><p>1. Logical architecture</p><p><br></p><p>5G base station is mainly used to provide 5G air port protocol function and support communication with user equipment and core network. According to the logical function division, 5G base station can be divided into 5G baseband unit and 5G rf unit, which can be connected through CPRI or eCPRI interface.</p><p><br></p><p>The 5G baseband unit is responsible for the processing of NR baseband protocol, including the whole user surface (UP) and control surface (CP) protocol processing function, and provides the return interface (NG interface) between the core network and the interconnect interface between the base stations (Xn interface).</p><p><br></p><p>5G rf unit mainly completes the conversion of NR baseband signal and rf signal and the transceiver and processing function of NR rf signal. In the downlink direction, the baseband signal from the 5G baseband unit is received, and then transmitted through the switch and antenna unit after the transmission link (TX) processing of up-conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, rf modulation, filtering and signal amplification. In the uplink direction, 5G rf unit receives uplink rf signals through the antenna unit, and after receiving link (RX) processing such as low noise amplifier, filtering, demodulation, etc., analog to digital conversion and down conversion are carried out, which are converted into baseband signals and sent to 5G baseband unit.</p><p><br></p><p>2. Equipment system</p><p><br></p><p>In order to support the flexible networking architecture and adapt to different application scenarios, there will be a variety of base station devices with different architectures and forms in the 5G wireless access network. From the perspective of device architecture, 5G base stations can be divided into different architectures such as bbu-aau, cu-du-aau, bbu-rru-antenna, cu-du-rru-antenna and integrated gNB. From the perspective of equipment form, 5G base station can be divided into baseband equipment, rf equipment, integrated gNB equipment and other forms of equipment.</p>
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